EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF EVAPORATION ENHANCEMENT FOR WATER DROPLET CONTAINING SOLID PARTICLES IN FLAMING COMBUSTION AREA

Abstract

The experimental study of integral characteristics of extinguishing liquid (water) droplet evaporation in flaming combustion area has been held. Optical methods of two-phase and heterogeneous mixtures diagnostics ("Particle Image Velocimetry" and "Interferometric Particle Imaging") have been used for heat and mass transfer process investigation. It was established that small-size solid particles (for example, carbon particles) in droplet structure can enhance water evaporation in flame area. It was shown that the rate of evaporation process depends on concentration and sizes of solid particles in a water droplet. The correlations have been determined between the sizes of solid particles and water droplets for maximum efficiency of fire extinguishing. The physical aspects of the problem have been discussed.

Dates

  • Submission Date2014-09-01
  • Revision Date2015-01-16
  • Acceptance Date2015-01-16
  • Online Date2015-01-24

DOI Reference

10.2298/TSCI140901005G

References

  1. Wighus, R., Water Mist Fire Suppression Technology - Status and Gaps in Knowledge, Proceedings, The International Water Mist Conference, Vienna, Austria, 2001, pp. 1-26.
  2. Karpov, A. I., et al., Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Fine Water Mist on the Small Scale Flame Spreading over Solid Combustibles, Proceedings, Eight International Symposium Fire Safety Science, Beijin, China, 2005, pp. 753-764.
  3. Xiao, X. K., et al., On the Behavior of Flame Expansion in Pool Fire Extinguishment with Steam Jet, Journal of Fire Sciences, 29 (2011), pp. 339-360.
  4. Qimiao, X., et al., The Effect of Uncertain Parameters on Evacuation Time in Commercial Buildings, Journal of Fire Sciences, 30 (2012), pp. 55-67.
  5. Na, M., et al., Full-Scale Experimental Study on Fire Suppression Performance of a Designed Water Mist System for Rescue Station of Long Railway Tunnel, Journal of Fire Sciences, 30 (2012), pp. 138-157.
  6. Yao, B., Cong, B. H., Experimental Study of Suppressing Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Fires Using Water Mists, Fire Safety Journal, 47 (2012), pp. 32-39.
  7. Korobeinichev, O. P., et al., Fire Suppression by Low-Volatile Chemically Active Fire Suppressants Using Aerosol Technology, Fire Safety Journal, 51 (2012), pp. 102-109.
  8. Tang, Z., et al., Experimental Study of the Downward Displacement of Fire-Induced Smoke by Water Sprays, Fire Safety Journal, 55 (2013), pp. 35-49.
  9. Abbud-Madrid, A., et al., On the Effectiveness of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen and Water Mist for the Suppression and Extinction of Spacecraft Fires, Proceedings, Suppression and Detection Research and Applications Conference, Orlando, USA, 2007.
  10. Carriere T., et al., Fire Suppression Test Using a Handheld Water Mist Extinguisher Designed for the International Space Station, Proceedings, 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, California, USA, 2012.
  11. Rodriquez, B., Young, G., Development of the International Space Station Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher, Proceedings, 43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Colorado, USA, 2013, pp. 1-8.
  12. Macindoe, L., Leonard, J., Moisture Content in Timber Decking Exposed to Bushfire Weather Conditions, Fire and Material, 36 (2012), pp. 49-61.
  13. McAllister, S., Critical Mass Flux for Flaming Ignition of Wet Wood, Fire Safety Journal, 61 (2013), pp. 200-206.
  14. Nikolopoulos, N., et al., A Numerical Investigation of the Evaporation Process of a Liquid Droplet Impinging onto a Hot Substrate, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50 (2007), pp. 303-319.
  15. Misyura, S. Y., et al., The Behavior of Water Droplets on the Heated Surface, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55 (2012), pp. 6609-6617.
  16. Vysokomornaya, O. V., et al., Heat and Mass Transfer in the Process of Movement of Water Drops in a High-Temperature Gas Medium, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 86 (2013), pp. 62-68.
  17. Strizhak, P. A., Influence of Drop Distribution in a "Water Slug" on the Temperature and Concentration of Combustion Products in Its Wake, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 86 (2013), pp. 895-904.
  18. Kuznetsov, G. V., Strizhak, P. A., Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Convection in a Mixture of Combustion Products on the Integral Characteristics of the Evaporation of a Finely Atomized Water Drop, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 87 (2014), pp. 103-111.
  19. Xiangyang, Z., et al., Spray Characterization Measurements of a Pendent Fire Sprinkler, Fire Safety Journal, 54 (2012), pp. 36-48.
  20. Gupta, M., et al., Experimental Evaluation of Fire Suppression Characteristics of Twin Fluid Water Mist System, Fire Safety Journal, 54 (2012), pp. 130-142.
  21. Försth, M., Möller, K., Enhanced Absorption of Fire Induced Heat Radiation in Liquid Droplets, Fire Safety Journal, 55 (2013), pp. 182-196.
  22. Yoshida, A., et al., Experimental Study of Suppressing Effect of Fine Water Proplets on Propane/Air Premixed Flames Stabilized in the Stagnation Flowfield, Fire Safety Journal, 58 (2013), pp. 84-91.
  23. Joseph, P., et al., A Comparative Study of the Effects of Chemical Additives on the Suppression Efficiency of Water Mist, Fire Safety Journal, 58 (2013), pp. 221-225.
  24. Volkov, R. S., et al., Experimental Study of the Change in the Mass of Water Droplets in their Motion through High-Temperature Combustion Products, Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 86 (2013), pp. 1413-1418.
  25. Volkov, R. S., et al., Influence of the Initial Parameters of Spray Water on Its Motion through a Counter Flow of High Temperature Gases, Technical Physics, 59 (2014), pp. 959-967.
  26. Kuznetsov, G. V., Strizhak, P. A., Evaporation of Single Droplets and Dispersed Liquid Flow in Motion through High Temperature Combustion Products, High Temperature, 52 (2014), pp. 568-575.
  27. Volkov, R. S., et al., Evaporation of Two Liquid Droplets Moving Sequentially through High-Temperature Combustion Products, Thermophysics and Aeromechanics, 21 (2014), pp. 255-258.
  28. Steinhaus, T., et al., Large-Scale Pool Fires, Thermal Science, 11 (2007), pp. 101-118.
  29. Stevanović, Ž., et al., Numerical Simulation of Fire Spread in Terminal 2 of Belgrade Airport, Thermal Science, 11 (2007), pp. 251-258.
  30. Banjac, M. J., Nikolić, B. M., Computational Study of Smoke Flow Control in Garage Fires and Optimisation of the Ventilation System, Thermal Science, 13 (2009), pp. 69-78.
  31. Stefanov, S. B., et al., Ecological Modeling of Pollutants in Accidental Fire at the Landfill Waste, Thermal Science, 17 (2013), pp. 903-913.
  32. McAllister, S., et al., Piloted Ignition of Live Forest Fuels, Fire Safety Journal, 51 (2012), pp. 133-142.
  33. Madrigal, J., et al., A New Bench-Scale Methodology for Evaluating the Flammability of Live Forest Fuels, Journal of Fire Sciences, 31 (2013), pp. 131-142.
  34. Thompson, M. P., et al., Airtankers and Wildfire Management in the US Forest Service: Examining Data Availability and Exploring Usage and Cost Trends, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 22 (2012), pp. 223-233.
  35. Okamoto, K., et al., Evaporation and Diffusion Behavior of Fuel Mixtures of Gasoline and Kerosene, Fire Safety Journal, 49 (2012), pp. 47-61.
  36. Sudheer, S., et al., Physical Experiments and Fire Dynamics Simulator Simulations on Gasoline Pool Fires, Journal of Fire Sciences, 31 (2013), pp. 309-329.
  37. Ding, C., et al., Experimental Study and Hazard Analysis on the Flash Point of Flammable Liquids at High Altitudes, Journal of Fire Sciences, 31 (2013), pp. 469-477.
  38. Keane, R. D., Adrian, R. J., Theory of Cross-Correlation Analysis of PIV Images, Applied Scientific Research, 49 (1992), pp. 191-215.
  39. Westerweel, J., Fundamentals of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, Measurement Science and Technology, 8 (1997), pp. 1379-1392.
  40. Foucaut, J. M., Stanislas, M., Some Considerations on the Accuracy and Frequency Response of Some Derivative Filters Applied to Particle Image Velocimetry Vector Fields, Measurement Science and Technology, 13 (2002), pp. 1058-1071.
  41. Willert, C., Assessment of Camera Models for Use in Planar Velocimetry Calibration, Experiments in Fluids, 41 (2006), pp. 135-143.
  42. Glantschnig, W. J., Chen, S., Light Scattering from Water Droplets in the Geometrical Optics Approximation, Applied Optics, 20 (1981), pp. 2499-2509.
  43. Konig, G. et al., A new Light-Scattering Technique to Measure the Diameter of Periodically Generated Moving Droplets, J. of Aerosol Sci, 17 (1986), 2, pp. 157-167.
  44. Kawaguchi, T. et al., Size Measurements of Droplets and Bubbles by Advanced Interferometric Laser Imaging Technique, Meas Sci and Technol, 13 (2002), pp. 308-316.
  45. Sazhin, S. S., et al., Models for Drop Transient Heating: Effects on Drop Evaporation, Ignition, and Break-up, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 44 (2005), pp. 610-622.
  46. Ebrahimian, V., Gorji-Bandpy, M., Two-Dimensional Modeling of Water Spray Cooling in Superheated Steam, Thermal Science, 12 (2008), pp. 79-88.
  47. Kryukov, A. P., Levashov, V. Yu., About Evaporation-Condensation Coefficients on the Vapor-Liquid Interface of High Thermal Conductivity Matters, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54 (2011), pp. 3042-3048.
  48. Han, Y., et al., The Effect of Liquid Film Evaporation on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Micro Tube, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55 (2012), pp. 547-555.
  49. Ahmadikia, H., et al., Simultaneous Effects of Water Spray and Crosswind on Performance of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower, Thermal Science, 17 (2013), pp. 443-455.
  50. Shanthanu, S., et al., Transient Evaporation of Moving Water Droplets in Steam - Hydrogen - Air Environment, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 64 (2013), pp. 536-546.
  51. Autee, A., et al., Experimental Study on Two-Phase Pressure Drop of Air-Water in Small Diameter Tubes at Horizontal Orientation, Thermal Science, 18 (2014), pp. 521-532.
  52. Glushkov, D. O., et al., Numerical Investigation of Water Droplets Shape Influence on Mathematical Modeling Results of Its Evaporation in Motion through a High-Temperature Gas, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014 (2014), Article ID 920480.