THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ADDITION WITH WASTE PORK LARD METHYL ESTER ON PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

Abstract

In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves, considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of adding ethanol as an additive with animal fat biodiesel that is tested as an alternative fuel for diesel in a CI engine. In this study, biodiesel is obtained from waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol when potassium hydroxide as catalyst. 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volume of ethanol is blended with neat biodiesel in order to improve performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. The experimental work is carried out in a 3.7 kW, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine for different loads and at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-ethanol blends are investigated by comparing them with neat biodiesel and standard diesel. The experimental test results showed that the combustion and performance characteristics improved with the increase in percentage of ethanol addition with biodiesel. When compared to neat biodiesel and standard diesel, an increase in brake thermal efficiency of 5.8% and 4.1% is obtained for BEB7.5 blend at full load of the engine. With the increase in percentage of ethanol fraction in the blends, peak cylinder pressure and the corresponding heat release rate are increased. Biodiesel-ethanol blends exhibit longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration when compared to neat biodiesel. Optimum reduction in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission are attained while using BEB5 blend at full load of the engine. However, there is an adverse effect in case of nitrogen oxide emission.

Keywords

Dates

  • Submission Date2012-10-10
  • Revision Date2013-05-06
  • Acceptance Date2013-05-15
  • Online Date2013-06-01

DOI Reference

10.2298/TSCI121010058J

References

  1. Singaram, L., Biodiesel:An eco friendly alternate fuel for the future, Thermal Science, 13 (2009), 3, pp.185-199
  2. Xue, J., Grift, T. E., Hansen, A. C., Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (2011), 2, pp.1098-1116
  3. Zheng, M., et al., Biodiesel engine performance and emissions in low temperature combustion, Fuel, 87 (2008), 6, pp.714-722
  4. Canacki, M., Combustion characteristics of a turbocharged DI compression ignition engine fueled with petroleum diesel fuels and biodiesel, Bioresource Technology, 98 (2007), 6, pp.1167-1175
  5. Gattamaneni, L. N. R., et al., Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester and its diesel blends, Thermal Science, 12 (2008), 1, pp.139-150
  6. Dhananjaya, D. A., Sudhir, C. V., Mohanan, P., Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine Operating on jatropha oil methyl ester, Thermal Science, 14 (2010), 4, pp. 965-977
  7. Sahoo, P. K., Das, L. M., Combustion Analysis of Jatropha,Karanja and Polanga based Biodiesel as Fuel in a Diesel Engine, Fuel, 88 (2009), 6, pp. 994-999
  8. Godiganur, S. K., Murthy, C. S., Reddy, R. P.,The effect of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester on Kirloskar HA394 DI diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions, Thermal Science, 14 (2010), 4, pp.957-964
  9. Sims Ralph, E. H., Tallow esters as an alternative diesel fuel. Transactions of the ASAE, 28 (1985), 3, pp.716-721
  10. Kumar, M.S., et al., Ethanol animal fat emulsions as a diesel engine fuel-Part 2: Engine test analysis, Fuel, 85 (2006), pp.2646-2652
  11. Oner, C., Altun, S., Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Applied Energy, 86 (2009), 10, pp.2114-2120
  12. Zheng, D. N., Hanna, M. A., 1996. Preparation and properties of methyl esters of beef tallow, Bioresource Technology, 57 (1996), 2, pp.137-142
  13. Nelson, R. G., Schrock, M.D., Energetic and economic feasibility associated with the production, processing, and conversion of beef tallow to a substitute diesel fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 30 (2006), 6, pp.584-591
  14. Babu, A.V., Rao, B.V.A., Kumar, P.R., Transesterification for the preparation of biodiesel from crude-oil pongamia pinnata, Thermal science, 13 (2009), 3, pp.201-206
  15. Venkata Subbaiah, G., Raja Gopal, K., An experimental investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with rice bran biodiesel and ethanol blends, International Journal of Green Energy, 8 (2011), pp.197-208
  16. Sivalakshmi, S., Balusamy, T., Influence of ethanol addition on a diesel engine fuelled with neem oil ethyl ester, International Journal of Green Energy, 9 (2012), pp.218-228
  17. Zhu, Lei., et al., Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol-biodiesel blends, Fuel, 90 (2011), pp.1743-1750
  18. Aydin, H., Ilkilic, C., Effect of ethanol blending with biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a CI engine, Applied Thermal Engineering, 30 (2010), pp.1199-1204
  19. Sivalakshmi, S., Balusamy, T., Experimental Investigation on a Diesel Engine fuelled with neem oil and its methyl ester, Thermal Science, 15 (2011), 4, pp.1193-1204
  20. Kwanchareon, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., Jai-In, S., Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine, Fuel, 86 (2007), pp.1053-1061
  21. Hu, C., et al., Study of oxygenated biomass fuel blends on a diesel engine. Fuel, 87 (2008), pp.3462-3468
  22. Lu, X. C., et al., Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blend fuel, Fuel, 83 (2004), pp.2013-2020
  23. Yu, C. W., Bari, S., Ameen, A., A comparison of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil with diesel as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 216 (2002), pp.237-243
  24. Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Herreros José, M., Emissions from a diesel-bioethanol blend in an automotive diesel engine, Fuel, 1 (2008), pp.25-31
  25. Shudo, T., Hiraga, K., Ogawa, H., Mechanisms in reducing smoke and NOx from BDF combustion by ethanol blending and EGR, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0622
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages217 -228