FOSSIL FUEL SAVINGS, CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION AND ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF MEDIUM-SCALE INTEGRATED BIOMASS GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION PLANTS

Abstract

Abstract. The paper theoretically investigates the system made up of fluidized bed gasifier, SGT-100 gas turbine and bottoming steam cycle. Different configurations of the combined cycle plant are examined. A comparison is made between systems with producer gas (PG) and natural gas (NG) fired turbine. Supplementary firing of the PG in a heat recovery steam generator is also taken into account. The performance of the gas turbine is investigated using in-house built Engineering Equation Solver model. Steam cycle is modeled using GateCycleTM simulation software. The results are compared in terms of electric energy generation efficiency, CO2 emission and fossil fuel energy savings. Finally there is performed an economic analysis of a sample project. The results show relatively good performance in the both alternative configurations at different rates of supplementary firing. Furthermore, positive values of economic indices were obtained.

Dates

  • Submission Date2012-01-26
  • Revision Date2012-03-06
  • Acceptance Date2012-04-16

DOI Reference

10.2298/TSCI120126124K

References

  1. Caputo A. C., Palumbo M., Pelagagge P. M., Scacchia F.: Economics of biomass energy utilization in combustion and gasification plants: effects of logistic variables. Biomass and Bioenergy 28 (2005) 35- 51.
  2. Larson E. D., Williams R.H., Leal M. R. L.V.: A review of biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle technology and its application in sugarcane industries, with an analysis for Cuba. Energy for Sustainable Development z Volume V No. 1 . March 2001.
  3. Dornburg V., Faaij A.P.C.: Efficiency and economy of wood-fired biomass energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies. Biomass and Bioenergy 21 (2001) 91-108.
  4. Kalina J.: Retrofitting of municipal coal fired heating plant with integrated biomass gasification gas turbine based cogeneration block. Energy Conversion and Management 51 (2010) 1085-1092.
  5. Walter A., Llagostera J.: Feasibility analysis of co-fired combined-cycles using biomass-derived gas and natural gas. Energy Conversion and Management 48 (2007) 2888-2896.
  6. Klimantos P., Koukouzas N., Katsiadakis A., Kakaras E.: Air-blown biomass gasification combined cycles (BGCC): System analysis and economic assessment. Energy 34 (2009) pp. 708- 714.
  7. Kurkela E., Kurkela M.: Fluidized-Bed Gasification of Biomass for Syngas Applications: Comparison of Gasification Process Alternatives. Proceedings of The International Conference on Thermochemical Conversion Science "tcbiomass2009". Chicago, USA, 16-18 September 2009.
  8. Marbe A., Harvey S., Berntsson T.: Biofuel gasification combined heat and power—new implementation opportunities resulting from combined supply of process steam and district heating. Energy 29 (2004) pp. 1117-1137
  9. Marbe Å., Harvey S.: Opportunities for integration of biofuel gasifiers in natural-gas combined heat-and-power plants in district-heating systems. Applied Energy 83 (2006) 723-748.
  10. Rodrigues M., Faaij A.P.C. Walter A.: Techno-economic analysis of co-fired biomass integrated gasification/combined cycle systems with inclusion of economies of scale. Energy 28 (2003) 1229-1258.
  11. Brown D., Gassner M., Muchino T. Maréchal F.: Thermo-economic analysis for the optimal conceptual design of biomass gasification energy conversion systems. Applied Thermal Engineering 29 (2009) 2137-2152.
  12. Zwart R.: Technical, economic and environmental potential of cofiring of biomass and waste in natural gas fired turbines and combined cycles. ECN Report No. ECN-RX--03-003. (available at URL: www.ecn.nl).
  13. Franco A., Giannini N.: Perspectives for the use of biomass as fuel in combined cycle power plants. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 44 (2005) 163-177.
  14. Fiaschi D., Carta R.: CO2 abatement by co-firing of natural gas and biomass-derived gas in a gas turbine. Energy 32 (2007) 549-567.
  15. Zogłowek J., Kalina J., Górny K.: Wooden biomass feedstock availability analysis and optimization of biomass supply system for energy production. Stachel A. A. and Mikielewicz D. (eds.): Proceedings of the XIIIth International Symposium on Heat Transfer and Renewable Sources of Energy (HTRSE 2010). 9-12 September 2010, Szczecin-Międzyzdroje, Poland. (ISBN 978-83-7663-035-9)
  16. Decree of the Ministry of Economy issued on 14th August 2008 on a particular obligation of abtaining and submitting for cancelation the certificates of origin of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources, and obligation of confirmation of the data about the amounts of electricity and heat produced from a renewable source. Polish Journal of Law no. 156/2008, position 969; (in Polish)
  17. Berggren M., Ljunggren L., Johnsson F.: Biomass co-firing potentials for electricity generation in Poland—Matching supply and co-firing opportunities. Biomass and Bioenergy 32 (2008 ) pp. 865 - 879.
  18. Eropean Commission. Directorate General XVII - Energy. Mitigation of Gas Turbine Problems and Performance for Biomass IGCC: Experiences in Europe and US. Lessons Learnt from Coal IGCC. Technical report prepared by the CRE Group LTD. CER Ref. No. 7996/3. April 1999. (available at: ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/bioenergy/doc/gasification/cre_gas_turbines_final.pdf)
  19. Paterson B., Weeks A.: Progress achieved in the ARBRE BIGCC project and prospects for the future. Paper no. C611/030/2003. Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Bioenergy - Technologies, Risks, and Rewards. 29 - 30 October 2002 at IMechE Headquarters, London, UK. I MECH E, 2003. ISBN: 1 86058 403 9.
  20. Rensfelt E., Morris M., Waldheim L.: PROJECT ARBRE, UK - A wood-fuelled combined-cycle demonstration plant. Proceedings of Biomass-Gasification - The Solution for an Efficient Provision of Electricity and Liquid Fuels. 1 - 2 October 2003, Leipzig, Germany.
  21. Neilson C.E.: LM2500 Gas Turbine Modifications For Biomass Fuel Operation. Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 269-273, 1998
  22. Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.: Turbines for Power Generation from Bio-fuels. (Available at www.supergen-bioenergy.net).
  23. Paisley M.A., Welch M.J.: Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle Opportunities Using The Future Energy Silvagas® Gasifier Coupled To Alstom's Industrial Gas Turbines. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2003, Georgia World Congress Center, June 16-19, 2003. ASME Paper No. GT2003-38294.
  24. Poloczek V., Hermsmeyer H.: Modern Gas Turbines with High Fuel Flexibility. Porceedings of POWER-GEN Asia 2008. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. October 21-23, 2008.
  25. Rabovitser J.K., Pratapas J.M., Boulanov D.V., Horazak D.A., Keiser J.R., Lieuwen T.C.: Partial Oxidation Gas Turbine for Power and Hydrogen Co-Production from Coal-Derived Fuel in Industrial Applications. Final Report. Gas Technology Institute (GTI). April, 2010 (available at: www.osti.gov/bridge/).
  26. 2007-08 Gas Turbine World Handbook. Pequot Publishing, Inc. Fairfield, CT 06824, USA.
  27. Palmer C.A., Erbes M.R.: Simulation methods used to analyze the performance of the GE PG6541B gas turbine utilizing low heating value fuels. Presented at the 1994 ASME Cogen Turbo Power, October 25-27, Portland, Oregon.
  28. Rodrigues M., Walter A., Faaij A.: Performance evaluation of atmospheric biomass integrated gasifier combined cycle systems under different strategies for the use of low calorific gases. Energy Conv. and Management Vol. 48, Issue 4, April 2007, pp. 1289-1301.
  29. Palmer C.A., Erbes M.R.: Gatecycle performance analysis of the LM2500 gas turbine utilizing low heating value fuels. IGTI-Vol. 8, ASME COGEN-TURBO, ASME 1993.
  30. Harvey S., Facchini B.: Predicting black liquor gasification combined cycle powerhouse performance accounting for off-design gas turbine operation. Applied Thermal Engineering 24 (2004) 111-126.
  31. Consonni S., Larson E.D., Katofsky R.: An Assessment of Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycles Part A: Technological Issues And Performance Comparisons. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2004. Power for Land, Sea, and Air. June 14-17, 2004, Vienna, Austria. ASME Paper No. GT2004-53179.
  32. Decree of the Ministry of Economy issued on 26th September 2007 on the way of calculation of data within the application for the certificate of electricity origin from cogeneration. Polish Journal of Law no. 185/2007, position 1314; (in Polish).
  33. National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management: Appendix No. 11 to Call for Projects No. 1/PO IiŚ/9.1/2009 of the EU Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2007-2013: " The methodology for calculating the rate of reduction of carbon dioxide in Action 9.1 POIiŚ". Report elaborated by the KAPE S.A. for the Ministry of Regional Development (in Polish, available at: pois.nfosigw.gov.pl).
  34. Kalina J.: Optymalizacja doboru mocy bloku elektrociepłowni z kotłem na zrębki drzewne w projekcie modernizacji komunalnej ciepłowni węglowej. Energetyka nr 7 (661), 2009. pp. 469 - 476 (in Polish).
  35. Craig K. R., Mann M. K.: Cost and Performance Analysis of Biomass-Based Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle (BIGCC) Power Systems. National Renewable Energy Laboratory report no. NREL/TP-430-21657. Golden, Colorado, US, October 1996.
  36. Bridgwater A.V.: The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation. Fuel. Vol. 74 No. 5, pp. 631 - 693.
  37. Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies. Report prepared by: Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., ICF International Company and Eastern Research Group, Inc. for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership, September 2007. (available at: www.epa.gov/chp/basic/catalog.html).
  38. Energy Law. Legal Act issued on 10th April 1997 with later updates (text valid on the 9th August 2010). Polish Journal of Law no. 21/2010, position 104; (in Polish)
Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages827 -848